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Abstract

Pharmacogenomics is the application of genomics technology to the development of specific drugs and its relationship with dentistry is a recent area of research. Diseases and disorders can be associated with misspellings or genetic mutations. The knowledge of how genetic variation interferes in the response to treatment will allow the development of drugs to be used, for instance, in oral and systemic infection therapy; for the management of oral lesions (e.g., herpes and squamous cell carcinoma), bone resorption (e.g., periodontal diseases), and chronic oral and facial pain; and for the management of autoimmune and temporomandibular joint disorders. The availability of newer technologies for identification and characterization of the human genome has enabled our understanding of the genetic variations in a majority of human diseases. Human genomic sequence varies in <1% among the different population group and these differences known as gene polymorphisms are the primary reasons for differences in individuals’ response to various drug therapy. Furthermore, understanding the genetic changes may enable implementation of targeted therapy, thus providing for effective treatment strategies and minimizing the adverse side effects. Pharmacogenomics is a recent development in the field of personalized medicine which focuses on the genetic determinants of drug response at the levels of entire human genome. It primarily deals with tailoring of drug therapy for every individual based on their genetic makeup and identifying new target in various diseases for drug therapy. While the application of pharmacogenomics in systemic illness is well researched, its role in oral diseases needs documentation. Periodontics, cariology, and oral pathology, among other areas, represent a vast field of research yet to be explored. In summary, dentistry begins to show an increasingly close relationship with pharmacogenomics, which may result in the development and improvement of treatment modalities more individualized and potentially more effective. This paper aims to discuss the relationship between pharmacogenomics and dental practice, focusing on clinical implications and current researches.

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	JPR Solutions

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