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Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the parameters of the quality standard of kemangi (basil, Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves originating from three regions of Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The research method included collecting basil from three regions, namely Bandung, Cianjur, and Solo. The basil sample was then extracted using the maceration method followed by the phytochemical screening test. Determination of extract quality standardization parameters in accordance with the reference book parameters of Indonesian extract quality standards which included determination of moisture content, determination of ash content, determination of water-soluble ash content, determination of acid insoluble ash content, specific gravity, determination of water-soluble extractive content, and determination of ethanol soluble extractive content. Determination of essential oil contents using the thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. Results: The standardization parameter value of Bandung basil leaf extract was 9.5%, 4.68%, 82.86%, 1.47%, 0.82, 4.33%, and 64.33%, Cianjur basil leaf extract was 9.83%, 7.78%, 93.37%, 2.08%, 0.85, 22.33%, and 53.00%, and Solo basil leaf extract was 13.67%, 9.98%, 92.59%, 5.95%, 0.87, 41.67%, and 49.67%. Phytochemical screening of basil leaf extract showed that the metabolites contained were flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and saponins. The essential oil content found in basil leaves was 0.132%. GC-MS results in the three samples showed the linalool content in Bandung basil leaf extract was 2.62%, Cianjur 19.85%, and Solo 27.80%. Conclusion: It was found that there were differences in the quality standard parameters of each basil including the content of secondary metabolites and essential oils. Each region has a different standard of quality which cannot be generalized which was thought to be caused by differences in soil nutrient origin of plants.

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