Journal: Drug Invention Today
Title: The aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera and Marrubium vulgare L. leaf inhibit inflammatory response in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium
Category: Pharmacology
Section: Research Article
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Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Moringa oleifera and Marrubium vulgare L. leaf aqueous extracts in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium infection. Methods: A total of 50 female BALB/c mice, aged 7–9 weeks were divided into 10 groups: Positive control group (C+), normal mice (C−), protective groups (P1, P2, and P3), and treatment groups (P4, P5, P6, P7, and P8). M. oleifera and M. vulgare L. extract at different concentrations was tested as the single and the combination for 14 days. At the end of the treatment period, all mice were sectioned and mice lymphocytes were isolated. Immunomodulatory markers were determined by flow-cytometry which included CD11b+ TNFa+ , CD11b+ IFN-γ+ , CD11b+ IL-6+ , CD11c+ IL-6+ , NK+ TNF-α+ ,and NK+ IFN-γ+ . Results: The results of this study showed that M. oleifera and M. vulgare extracts stimulated the immune system through innate and adaptive immunity in experimental mice models. However, the M. oleifera extract was revealed to be the most effective than the M. vulgare extract. On the other hand, both extracts were more effective as protective agents than as cure agent, whereas single treatment was more effective than combination treatments. However, low doses were found to be most effective than high doses, especially with the M. oleifera extract. Protective treatment with the M. oleifera and M. vulgare extracts showed immunosuppressive effect. Similarly, it significantly inhibited the percentage of lymphocytes (CD11b and CD11c) NK cells and intracellular cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6). Conclusion: The research finding suggested that M. oleifera aqueous extract had the most immunosuppressive effect on inflammatory markers compared to M. vulgare aqueous extract. Due to the immunosuppressive effect of M. oleifera and M. vulgare aqueous extracts as protective agents, treatment with these extracts as cure agents showed reverse effects and enhanced the inflammatory response.
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About the authors and Affiliations
Author(s) Name: Adel S. S. Ajedi 1 *, Widodo2 , Sri Widyarti 2 , Muhaimin Rifa’i 2
Affiliation(s) Name: 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia,
2Biomolecular Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: Adel S. S. Ajedi, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Author: Adel S. S. Ajedi 1 *, Widodo2 , Sri Widyarti 2 , Muhaimin Rifa’i 2
Title: The aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera and Marrubium vulgare L. leaf inhibit inflammatory response in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium Journal: Drug Invention Today Vol(issue): 12 (November ) Year: 2019 Page No: (2658-2665) -
Experimental Methods Keywords
Methodology: Anti-inflammatory activity Research Materials: Marrubium vulgare, Moringa oleifera
Keywords
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