Article Id:JPRS-P'Col-00004890 Title:Breast cancer overview: Epidemiology, tumor heterogeneity, diagnosis, treatment, and risk factors Category:Pharmacology Section:Review Article
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Cancer is a global burden. Cancer is a disease characterized by morphological and molecular change resulting in uncontrolled proliferation and spread. In females, breast cancer is the leading cancer in incidence and mortality. Next to the lung cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer when considering both the sexes. Breast cancer which stood second is moving toward the first position in cancers of females due to lack of preventive strategies. The high incidence and the high mortality combined with differences in the incidence and mortality rates worldwide make breast cancer a major area of concern in both developing and developed countries. The mortality to incidence rates is rapidly increasing in Asian countries than Western countries this may be due to the available health-care system that parallels the socioeconomic development of the country. Breast cancer presents tumor heterogeneity; different subtypes exist based on histology and molecular subtypes. This review summarizes the epidemiology of breast cancer worldwide, Asian countries and also in India. It also presents an overview on the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, leading to breast cancer, methods of diagnosis, different treatment modalities such as surgery, combination therapy, radiation chemotherapy, and targeted therapy; the interplay of genetic factors in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategy has been presented.
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Andrea Mary Francis1 *, R. Ramya2 , Nalini Ganesan3 , G. Gowtham Kumar1 , Solomon F. D. Paul 1
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1 Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,
2 Department of General Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,
3 Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
*Corresponding author:Dr. Andrea Mary Francis, Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.